Veloeditor and others,
I have the same exact issue on my MBP Retina Mid-2014 2.8GHz i7 with NVIDIA GeForce GT 750M 2GB - the top of the line model with max configurations.
I get the issue with no other peripherals attached using the on-board SSD and only the laptop screen with both still and moving images (in SD, HD, and UHD) in any program using CUDA. Doesn't happen with FCP X or Compressor. The issue only occurs after the computer heats up, not right after it is turned on.
I can't replicate the issue when stress testing the GPU using Open CL. Haven't found any graphics stress test for CUDA but I suspect it is a CUDA/GPU issue. Perhaps CUDA puts more demand on the GPU and the cooling system can't keep up?
I've had my logicboard replaced by Apple but still the issue persists. It may also be a hardware issue specific to a particular batch of components used that surfaces only with a particular software and driver usage combination, such as Adobe or Blackmagic with CUDA.
Am considering erase and install as last resort before turning back to Apple for replacement of the machine. Contrary to popular belief, Apple will replace your machine if they can't fix it. I know this as an ex-Apple genius.
-Min